Summary & Question-and-answers of The Chapter:4-From the Diary of Anne Frank with the concerned video

From the Diary of Anne Frank Summary In English

Anne’s feelings about diary
Anne writes her diary. She feels that doing so is a strange experience for one like her. It is so because she has not written anything earlier. Secondly, no one would be interested in reading something written by her as she is a small girl.

Writes a diary
One day Anne felt a bit depressed. She felt that paper had more patience than people. She was wondering whether to stay in or go out. Finally, she stayed in and thought. She felt that she won’t let anyone read her ‘diary’ unless she found a real friend. So she wrote it.

Writing about her family

She wrote that she was not completely alone in the world. But she had loving parents and a sixteen-year-old sister. She had about thirty people around her, she could call friends. Then she had a family, aunts and a good home. But she had had no true friend. She thought of having a good time when she was with friends. But she could not get closer. She admitted it her fault that she didn’t confide in each other. Since they were not liable to change, she started writing a diary. She made it her friend.

Diary named as ‘Kitty’—brief sketch of life

She wanted the diary to be her friend. So she named it as her friend Kitty. She wrote a brief sketch of her life, though she disliked doing so. So, she wrote it. She wrote that her father married her twenty-five year old mother at the age of thirty-six. Her sister Margot was bom in Frankfurt in Germany in 1926. She was born on 12 June 1929. Her father emigrated to Holland in 1933. Her mother Edith Hollander Frank went with her father to Holland. But she and her sister were sent to Aachen to stay with their grandmother. Then they went to Holland.

Anne’s school

There she was sent to a Montessori nursery school. She stayed there until she was six. In the sixth class her teacher was Mrs. Kuperus, the headmistress. Both had tears when they bade farewell.

Reasons for not writing the Diary
In the summer of 1941 her grandma fell ill. She had to be operated upon. She died in January 1942. She thought of her greatly and she loved her still. They celebrated Anne’s birthday in 1942. The four of them were doing well till 20 June 1942. Then Anne wrote her diary again. It was like this.

About class affairs
It was the day of the declaration of results. Everyone in her class was in tension. The reason was who would go to the next class and who would not. They had bets with other boys on who would pass and who would not. She found the teachers as the most unpredictable creatures on the earth. She was not worried about her girl-friends and herself. She was sure to make that. But she was not sure about Maths. They could wait and told each other not to lose heart.

Mr. Keesing gives extra work as punishment

She went along her teachers pretty well. Mr. Keesing was a dull person who taught them Maths. He was always annoyed with her as she talked much. He gave her as a punishment, extra homework. It was in the form of an essay on ‘A Chatterbox’. She was unable to understand what she could write about it. She put a slip of it on her school bag. It was to remind herself to write later.

Does the homework given extra
In the evening, she had done her homework. She began thinking of the subject of the essay. She thought to write good points of arguing to prove the necessity of talking. Then she had an idea. She then wrote the three pages to her satisfaction. She wrote that talking was a feature of a student. Her mother also used to talk much. She inherited this trait from her mother. She tried to keep quiet.

Homework as punishment given again

Mr. Keesing read it and laughed. Then he gave her another essay as she didn’t stop talking. She was to write it on ‘An Incorrigible ’ Chatterbox’. She wrote it and it satisfied Mr. Keesing. She did not talk for two lessons. But she started speaking again in the third lesson. He again asked her to write an essay. It was : ‘Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress , Chatterbox’. The class too roared into laughter hearing it. She also laughed. She wanted to write something original now. Her friend Sanne was good at poetry. She helped her to write the essay in verse.

Anne’s poem a joke on Mr. Keesing himself
Anne had finished her poem. It was about a mother duck and a father swan with three baby ducklings. The three ducklings were bitten to death by the father. It was because they quacked too much. Luckily, Mr. Keesing took the joke the right way. Mr. Keesing had played a joke on her. But she had had it on him. He ready the poem to the class adding his own comments. Since then she had been allowed to talk. She hadn’t even been given extra homework. Mr. Keesing continued making jokes .

ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK

(Page 51)

Question 1.
What makes writing in a diary a strange experience for Anne Frank ?
Answer:
Two reasons make writing in a diary a strange experience. One, she has never written anything before. Second, perhaps no one will be interested in the thoughts of a thirteen- year-old school girl.

Question 2.
Why does Anne want to keep a diary ? (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
Anne wants to keep a diary because she had hardly any friends to confide in. Secondly, she can’t talk about day-to-day happenings. In keeping a diary she would do so.

Question 3.
Why did Anne think she could confide more in her diary than in people ?
Answer:
Anne thought so because she doesn’t have a true friend to confide in. She treats the diary not to use it the way most people use. But she would treat it as her best friend. Then diary would be closer than any friend.

ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK
(Page 51)

Question 1.
Why does Anne provide a brief sketch of her life ?
Answer:
Anne provides a brief sketch of her life. She feels that no one would understand her stories in her diary if she did not write about her life.

Question 2.
What tells you that Annq loved her grandmother ?
Answer:
She loved her grandmother. It was because her parents went to Holland leaving her with her grandmother in Aachen. Her sister Margot also lived with her. Then she lived with her till she was six.

ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK
(Page 54)

Question 1.
Why was Mr. Keesing annoyed with Anne ? What did he ask her to do ? (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
Mr. Keesing taught Mathematics to the author’s class. He was annoyed with Anne. It was because she talked so much. He warned her several times. But she couldn’t stop talking. She continued talking. He even gave her extra homework. But she still talked and talked.

After several warnings he gave her an essay on the subject ‘A Chatterbox’.

Question 2.
How did Anne justify her being a chatterbox in her essay ?
Answer:
In her essay she justified so by stating that talking was a student’s trait. She would do her best to cure herself of the habit. Her mother talked as much as she did if not more. Nothing could be done about inherited traits.

Question 3.
Do you think Mr. Keesing was a strict teacher ? (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
Mr. Keesing was not a strict teacher. In fact, he was a jovial kind of teacher. He was interested more that students should be taught practically.

Question 4.
What made Mr. Keesing allow Anne to talk in class ?
Answer:
Mr. Keesing allowed Anne to talk in the class after the joke Anne had played on him. He took Anne’s joke in right spirit. He read the poem to the class adding his own comments. He read it to several classes as well.

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT
(Page 54)

Question 1.
Was Anne right when she said that the world would not be interested in the musings of a thirteen-year-old girl ?
Answer:
Yes, Anne was right in saying so. It was because the world usually is interested in reading things of great men. They may be politicians, statesmen or heavyweights in other fields of life.

Question 2.
There are some examples of diary or journal entries in the ‘Before You Read’ section. Compare these with what Anne writes in her diary. What language was the diary originally written in ? In what way is Anne’s diary different ?
Answer:
Anne mixes her diary writing with a few things of journals or memoirs. She uses her own genre of writing her diary. Her diary was written originally in Dutch language. It is different as it doesn’t follow the appropriate format. It is a mix of a journal, memoir, diary and log.

Question 3.
Why does Anne need to give a brief sketch about her family ? Does she treat ‘Kitty’ as an insider or an outsider ?
Answer:
Anne needs to give a brief sketch about her family. Without it no one will be interested in reading a diary of a small girl. She treats ‘Kitty’ as diary as an insider only.

Question 4.
How does Anne feel about her father, her grandmother, Mrs. Kuperus and Mr. Keesing ? What do these tell you about her ?
Answer:
Anne looks at her parents ‘adorable’. She is all love for her grandmother. She feels equally for her headmistress Mrs. Kuperus. She was in tears when Mrs. Kuperus was bidden farewell. She also loves her teacher Mr. Keesing though she calls him ‘old fogey’. These tell that she is an affectionate girl.

Question 5.
What does Anne write in her first essay ?
Answer:
Anne writes in her first essay that talking is a student’s trait. She would do her best to keep talking under control. Her mother also talked much. She had inherited this trait from her mother. Not much can be done about inherited traits.

Question 6.
Anne says teachers are most unpredictable. Is Mr. Keesing unpredictable ? How ? (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
Mr. Keesing is unpredictable. He gives and gives homework to Anne as a punishment. She does it as rightly as she can. She hopes that after the last essay, Mr. Keesing would give her homework again. But instead he allows Anne to talk in the class. He also doesn’t give her homework again.

Question 7.
What do these statements tell you about Anne Frank as a person ?

1. We don’t seem to be able to get any closer, and that’s the problem. Maybe it’s my fault that we don’t confide in each other.
2. I don’t want to jot down the facts in this diary the way most people would, but I want the diary to be my friend.
3. Margot went to Holland in December, and I followed in February, when f was plunked down on the table as a birthday present for Margot.
4. If you ask me, there are so many dummies that about a quarter of the class should be kept back, but teachers are the most unpredictable creatures on earth.
5. Anyone could ramble on and leave big spaces between the words, but the trick was to come up with convincing arguments to prove the necessity of talking.

Answer:

1. Anne is reserved
2. She is self-confident and inventive
3. She is humorous also.
4. She is intelligent
5. She has a sense of propriety and convincingness.

Summary & Question- answers of The Chapter:4-The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom with the concerned video

Summary

I

In the 19th century Japan there lived an old couple. Their only companion was a little pet dog named Muko. They loved it as if it were their baby. They gave it pieces of fish and boiled rice to eat. Muko also loved its noble master.

The old man was rice farmer. He worked hard with his spade from morning till sunset. Muko followed him everyday to the field. It did not attack the white heron bird which used to kill corn worms. The farmer was kind to all the living creatures.

One day the dog came running to its master. It took him to some place behind. The old man followed Muko to the place, where it began to scratch. The old man used his hoe to dig the earth. He found a lot of gold there. The old couple became rich. They bought land, hosted a party to their friends and gave it's generously to their poor neighbours.

In the same village there lived a wicked old man and his wife. They were unkind to all dogs. When they heard of their neighbour’s good luck, they called Muko to their garden and offered it fish. They hoped that Muko would find treasure for them also. But Muko refused to eat any fish. The dog took them to a pine tree in the garden. The greedy old fool danced with joy. He began to dig. But he found only a dead cat in the pit. In a fit of anger he beat Muko to death.

The owners of Muko mourned for their pet. They put flowers and water on its tomb. That night the spirit of Muko appeared to the old farmer in a dream. It asked him to cut down the pine tree over its graves, make a mortar for rice pastry and a mill for his bean sauce. Soon the old farmer made a hollow place in the tree trunk. He with his wife made a hammer of wood for pounding rice. They baked the pastry and suddenly the whole mass changed into gold coins.

The jealous old neighbour noticed bean sauce turning into gold. The old couple were rich again. So the neighbours also did the same. But their pastry and sauce turned into worms. They destroyed the mill borrowed from the old couple and burnt it.

II

The good old man had another dream. The spirit of their pet dog told him to take the ashes of the mill and spread it on the withered pine trees. He assured him that they would bloom again.

The old man brought some ashes of mill. He spread a pinch of it on the cherry tree. The tree was covered with blossoms. The greedy wicked couple gathered the remaining ashes of the wooden mill.

The wealthy landlord of the village was to pass by that road. According to the custom all the people had to shut up their high windows. Nobody was allowed to look down on lordship. They also knelt upon their hands and knees until the procession passed by. A tall man marched ahead asking the people to get down on their knees.

But the good old man didn’t kneel down. Instead of it he scattered a bit of ashes over the withered cherry tree. Suddenly it burst into blossom. The landlord got out to see the wonder. He thanked the man, offered him presents and also invited him to the castle.When the greedy neighbour heard of it, he also took the magic ashes to the highway. He waited until the landlord’s train came along, and instead of kneeling down like the crowd, he climbed a withered cherry tree. When the landlord was directly under him, he threw handful of ashes over him. But the tree showed no change. The dust rather blew into the nose and eyes of his lordship. The man who was escorting the lord dragged the greedy man from the tree and threw him into the ditch. He also beat him soundly. The greedy man thus died in the mud. The kind owner of Muko lived happily to a green old age.

Page No: 60
Comprehension Check
1. Why did the neighbours kill the dog?

Ans: The neighbours when heard about the good luck brought by the dog to the couple coaxed the dog into their garden in hope that he would find treasure for them. They dragged him out of doors and the dog scratched and pawed the ground under a pine tree. When on digging the ground, they saw that there was nothing but a dead kitten, they became furious at the dog. They beat him to death and then flung him into the hole.

2. Mark the right item.
(i) The old farmer and his wife loved the dog
(a) because it helped them in their day-to-day work.
(b) as if it was their own baby.
(c) as they were kind to all living beings.
(ii) When the old couple became rich, they
(a) gave the dog better food.
(b) invited their greedy neighbours to a feast.
(c) lived comfortably and were generous towards their poor neighbours.
(iii) The greedy couple borrowed the mill and the mortar to make
(a) rice pastry and bean sauce.
(b) magic ash to win rewards.
(c) a pile of gold.

Ans: (i) – (b) The old farmer and his wife loved the dog as if it was their own baby.
(ii) – (c) When the old couple became rich, they lived comfortably and were generous towards their poor neighbours.
(iii) – (c) The greedy couple borrowed the mill and the mortar to make a pile of gold. 

Page No: 63
Working with the Text
Answer the following questions.
1. The old farmer is a kind person. What evidence of his kindness do you find in the first two paragraphs?

Ans: The old farmer was a kind person. He and his wife had a pet dog named Muko, as his baby. Having no children, they loved it as though it were a baby. They fed him fish from their own chopsticks and all the boiled rice he wanted. He was patient and kind to everything that had life and often turned up a sod on purpose to give food to the birds.

2. What did the dog do to lead the farmer to the hidden gold?

Ans: The dog came running to the farmer and kept on whining and running to and fro till the farmer followed him. The dog began a lively scratching. Thinking it was possibly a buried bone or fish, the farmer struck his hoe in the earth and found the hidden gold.

3. (i) How did the spirit of the dog help the farmer first?
(ii) How did it help him next?

Ans: (i) The spirit of the dog asked the farmer in his dream to cut down the pine tree over his grave and make a mortar for rice pastry and a mill for bean sauce.
(ii) The spirit of the dog informed the farmer in his dream that his wicked neighbours had burnt the hand-mill. He advised him to take the ashes of the mill and sprinkle them on the withered trees and they would bloom again.

Page No: 64
4. Why did the daimio reward the farmer but punish his neighbour for the same act?

Ans: The farmer had the magical ashes. He made the old withered cherry tree blossom once again by sprinkling the ashes. So, the daimio rewarded the farmer for this. When his greedy neighbour heard about it, he took the ashes and when daimio was passing on the highway, he threw a handful of ashes over the tree. The tree did not blossom and wind blew the fine dust in the noses and eyes of the daimio and his wife. That is why his neighbour punished for the same act.

Summary & Question-and-answers of The Chapter:4- A Truly Beautiful Mind with the concerned video

Summary

A Truly Beautiful Mind

Albert Einstein was born on 14th March in 1879, in the German city of Ulm. Till the age of two and half years, he could not speak and when he started speaking, he spoke every word twice. His playmates considered him to be boring and his mother thought that he was crazy because of the abnormally large size of his head. At school, his head master regarded him as stupid and good for nothing. But he proved them all wrong.At the age of 6, at the insistence of his mother, he learned to play the violin. He became a gifted violinist. At the age of 15, his family shifted to Munich. He did not feel comfortable with the strict discipline at the school and left it. On completing his schooling, he joined the University at Zurich because the atmosphere there was more liberal and accepted new ideas and concepts. He showed more interest in Physics and Mathematics. He met a fellow student, Mileva Maric at the University. She was equally intelligent and clever. Later on, they married and had 2 sons but unfortunately their marriage did not survive and were divorced in 1919.

After completing his education, Albert worked as a technical expert in the patent office at Bern. Here, he worked secretly on his idea on relativity. In 1915, he published his paper on special theory of relativity, followed by the world-famous equation E = mc2.In 1915, he published his paper on General Theory of Relativity, which gave an absolutely new definition to concept of gravity. This theory made him a famous figure. In 1919, during the solar eclipse, his theory came out to be accurate and revolutionized physics. In 1933, he emigrated to USA as Nazis had come to power in Germany. He did not want his finding and research to be used for destruction. In 1938, when Germany discovered the principle of Nuclear Fission, he was the first person to write to the American President about the dangers of the atomic bombs.In 1945, when America dropped the Atomic Bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, he was deeply hurt and wrote to the United Nations for the formation of a world government to prevent

recurrence of such destruction.

He spent his later days in politics advocating world peace and democracy. He died at the age of 76 in the year 1955.

Thinking about the Text

(Page 50)

Question 3.
Explain what the reasons for the following are:

1. Einstein leaving the school in Munich for good.
2. Einstein wanting to study in Switzerland rather than in Munich.
3. Einstein seeing in Mileva an ally.
4. What do these tell you about Einstein?

Answers:

1. Einstein left the school in Munich because he did not like the discipline of the school. He hated the school’s regimentation and often clashed with teachers.
2. Albert’s parents moved to Milan and left their son with relatives. After prolonged discussion, Einstein got his wish to continue his education in German – speaking Switzerland. Actually, it was more liberal than Munich.
3. Einstein saw in Mileva Marie an ally against the “Philistines”—those people in his family and at the university with whom he was constantly at odds. He found that she was a “clever creature”.
4. These tell that Einstein was a genius and had the capabilities to achieve his targets. Moreover, he had his own view of life. He liked freedom too much.

Question 4.
What did Einstein call his desk drawer at the patent office? Why?
Answer:
Einstein called his desk drawer at the patent office the “bureau of theoretical physics”. Einstein was actually developing his own ideas in secret and his drawer had all the evidences which could reveal the secret.

Question 5.
Why did Einstein write a letter to Franklin Roosevelt?
Answer:
With the emergence of Nazis in Germany,
Einstein emigrated to the United States. It was the fact that the Nazis had the ability to develop the atomic bomb. It could destroy the whole world. 

6.How did Einstein react to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Answer:
The atomic bomb devastated the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He was deeply shaken by the extent of the destruction and wrote a public missive to the United Nations.

Question 7.

Why does the world remember Einstein as a ‘world citizen’?
Answer:
The world remembers Einstein as a ‘world citizen’ because he believed in universal peace. When there was the rat race for becoming atomic power, he was worried about the aftermaths of the bomb. He was really a world citizen who was concerned with humanity.

Question 8.

Here are some facts from Einstein’s life. Arrange them in chronological order.

[ ] Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity.
[ ] He is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
[ ] Einstein writes a letter to U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and warns against Germany’s building of an atomic bomb.
[ ] Einstein attends a high school in Munich.
[ ] Einstein’s family moves to Milan.
[ ] Einstein is bom in the German city of Ulm.
[ ] Einstein joins a University in Zurich, where he meets Mileva.
[ ] Einstein dies.
[ ] He provides a new interpretation of gravity.
[ ] Tired of the school’s regimentation, Einstein withdraws from school.
[ ] He works in a patent office as a technical expert.
[ ] When Hitler comes to power, Einstein leaves Germany for the United States.

Answers:

[1] Einstein is bom in the German city of Ulm.
[2] Einstein attends a high school in Munich.
[3] Einstein’s family moves to Milan.
[4] Tired of the school’s regimentation, Einstein withdraws from school.
[5] Einstein joins a University in Zurich where he meets Mileva.
[6] He works in a patent office as a technical expert.
[7] Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity.
[8] He provides a new interpretation of gravitation.
[9] He is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
[10] When Hitler comes to power, Einstein leaves Germany for the United States.
[11] Einstein writes a letter to U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt and warns against Germany’s building of an atomic bomb.
[12] Einstein dies.

Thinking about language
(Page 51)

Question 1.
Here are some sentences from the story.
Choose the word from the brackets which can be substituted for the italicised words in the sentences.

1. A few years later, the marriage faltered, (failed, broke, became weak)
2. Einstein was constantly at odds with people at the university, (on bad terms, in disagreement, unhappy)
3. The newspapers proclaimed his work as “a scientific revolution”, (declared, praised, showed)
4. Einstein got ever more involved in politics, agitating for an end to the arms build up. (campaigning, fighting, supporting)
5. At the age of 15, Einstein felt so stifled that he left the school for good. (permanently, for his benefit, for a short time)
6. Five years later, the discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin had American physicists in an uproar, (in a state of commotion, full of criticism, in a desperate state)
7. Science wasn’t the only thing that appealed to the dashing young man with the walrus moustache, (interested, challenged, worried)

Answers:

1. failed
2. in disagreement
3. declared
4. campaigning
5. permanently
6. in a state of commotion
7. interested.

Question 2.
Study the following sentences:

• Einstein became a gifted amateur violinist, maintaining this skill throughout his life.
• Letters survive in which they put their affection into words, mixing science with tenderness.

The parts in italics in the above sentences begin with ing verbs, and are called participial phrases. Participial phrases say something more about the person or thing talked about or the idea expressed by the sentence as a whole. For example:

—Einstein became a gifted amateur violinist. He maintained this skill throughout his life.

Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with suitable participial clauses. The information that has to be used in the phrases is provided as a sentence in brackets.

1. ……………. the firefighters finally put out the fire. (They worked round the clock.)
2. She watched the sunset above the mountain, ……………. (She noticed the colours blending softly into one another.)
3. The excited horse pawed the ground rapidly, ……………. (While it neighed continually.)
4. ……………. ,I found myself in Bangalore, instead of Benaras. (I had taken the wrong train.)
5. ……………., I was desperate to get to the bathroom. (I had not bathed for two days)
6. The stone steps, ……………. needed to be replaced. (They were worn down).
7. The actor received hundreds of letters from his fans, ……………. (They asked him to send them his photograph.)

Answers:

1. Working round the clock the firefighters finally put out the fire.
2. Noticing the colours blending softly into one another she watched the sunset above the mountain.
3. Neighing continually the excited horse pawed the ground rapidly.
4. Having taken the wrong train I found myself in Bangalore instead of Benaras.
5. Having not bathed for two days I was desperate to get to the bathroom.
6. The stone steps being worn down needed to be replaced.
7. The actor received hundreds of letters from his fans asking him to send them his photograph.

Writing newspaper reports
(Page 53)

Here are some notes which you could use to write a report.

21 August 2005—original handwritten manuscript of Albert Einstein unearthed— by student Rowdy Boeynik in the Univer¬sity of Netherlands—Boeynik researching papers—papers belonging to an old friend of Einstein—fingerprints of Einstein on these papers—16 page document dated 1924—Einstein’s work on this last the¬ory—behaviour of atoms at low temper¬ature—now known as the Bose-Einstein condensation—the manuscript to be kept at Leyden University where Einstein got the Nobel Prize.

Question 1.

Write a report which has four paragraphs,
one each on :

• what was unearthed.
• who unearthed it and when.
• what the document contained.
• where it will be kept.

Your report could begin like this:
Answers:
Student Unearths Einstein Manuscript 21 August 2005. An original handwritten Albert Einstein manuscript has been un-earthed at a University of Netherlands.

A student named Rowdy Boeynik was researching on the papers belonging to his old companion Einstein.

The document contained papers of Ein-stein’s work on the last theory—Behav¬iour of Atoms at Low Temperature. Now¬adays it is known as the Bose-Einstein Condensation.

The manuscript will be kept at Leyden University where Einstein got the Nobel Prize.

Summary & Question-answers of The Chapter:5-Footprints without Feet with the concerned video

Footprints without Feet Summary

The story is about a scientist named Griffin. He had been discovering ways which could make a man invisible and finally swallowed certain rare drugs that made him invisible. He was first noticed by two boys in staircase of a house where they could just see his footsteps and started following it. They follow it until the footsteps are fainter and cannot be seen. First, as he is feeling cold he enters a mall for some warmth. After the stores shut down, he decides to wear some warm clothes and eat something.

He first unboxes a few clothes and wears them. Then from the kitchen of a restaurant, he eats cold meat and some coffee. Later he goes to a grocery store and eats sweets and drinks wine. He then falls asleep on a pile of quilts. He then wakes up in the morning when some of the store assistants had seen him and started chasing him. He quickly threw away all the clothes he was wearing and became invisible again. Then he started roaming around again without any clothes in the cold winters of London.

He then decides to steal clothes from a theatre company as he knew he would get something there to cover his face as well. He then steals bandages for his face, dark glasses, false nose and a hat for covering himself.

He then hits the shopkeeper and steals all his money. Soon he realizes that London is too crowded to live like this and decides that he would go to a remote village. He books two rooms at an inn at the Iping village.

He reaches there and it is strange for the people of Iping that a stranger with such a weird appearance has come to stay at an inn during the winter season. Once his money is over, he steals from people and also hits the landlord and his wife when they try to check his room in his absence. Then the village constable is asked for help but before that Mrs. Hall, the wife of the landlord asks him questions regarding who he is and what he did to her furniture.

This makes him really furious and he decides to show her who he really is. The people then see a headless man and Mr. Jaffers, the constable also finds out that he would have to arrest a man who does not have a head. They are unable to catch Griffin as he removes all his clothes and becomes invisible. He even knocks out Jaffers as he tries to catch him.

Read & Find Out

(Page 26) 

Question 1.
How did the invisible man first become visible?
Answer:
The invisible man (Griffin) first became visible after he slipped into a big London store for keeping warm and overslept there while wearing some clothes taken from the store. The clothes made him visible to the shop assistants when the shop opened in the morning. To escape from them, he had to shed all his clothes to become invisible again.

Question 2.
Why was he wandering the streets?
Answer:
Though he was a brilliant scientist, he was a lawless person. His landlord disliked him and wanted to evict Griffin. In revenge, he set fire to the house. To escape, he removed his clothes, becoming invisible. Thus he became homeless and was wandering the streets of London.

Page 28
Question 1.
Why does Mrs Hall find the scientist eccentric?
Answer:
Mrs Hall found the scientist eccentric
because of his strange appearance and also, when she tried to be friendly with him, he rebuffed her by saying that he had come there for solitude and did not wish to be disturbed in his work.

Question 2.

What curious episode occurs in the study?
Answer:
Very early one morning, a clergyman and his wife were awakened by noises coming from their study. Then they heard the sound of coins being taken from the desk there. However, when they entered the study, they did not find anybody there, that was curious.

Question 3.

What other extraordinary things happen at the inn?
Answer:
At the inn, Mrs Hall and her husband went into the scientist’s room on finding its door open. However, he was not seen in the room, but Mrs Hall heard a sniff and the hat on the bedpost leapt up and dashed into her face. Then the bedroom chair sprang into the air and pushed them both out of the room. This made Mrs Hall think that her furniture was haunted.

Think About It
(Page 31)

Question 1.
“Griffin was rather a lawless person.” Comment.
Answer:
Griffin was not bothered if he had harmed anybody in the fulfilment of what he wanted. He set his landlord’s house on fire because the landlord tried to make him leave. Then his robberies at shops and later in the village indicate that he was a lawless person. When he encountered the landlady of the inn, he threw a chair at her and her husband. Lawless persons like Griffin never think about the safety and well-being of others. They are only concerned about themselves.

Question 2.
How would you assess Griffin as a scientist?
Answer:
Griffin is a brilliant scientist, as he discovers how to make himself invisible. But he seems to enjoy the feeling of power which he gets out of his invisibility. The power to hurt anybody without getting noticed can give sadistic pleasure to some people. A true scientist should make discoveries for the larger benefit of society, not just for his own benefit.

Talk About It

(Page 31)
Question 1.
Would you like to become invisible? What advantages and disadvantages do you foresee, if you did?
Answer:
It can be an exciting idea for most people. Like two facets of a coin, invisibility can have many advantages and disadvantages. For a child, invisibility may mean a licence for all kinds of pranks without getting caught. Like a Hindi movie, invisibility can help you beat all the villains black and blue and get rid of them. Once you become invisible, nobody would notice you. Within no time, the sadness of isolation will take over the excitement of being invisible. You will have no friend. You will tend to behave like the eccentric scientist in this story.

Question 2.

Are there forces around us that are invisible, for example, magnetism? Are there aspects of matter that are ‘invisible1 or not visible to the naked eye? What would the world be like if you could see such forces or such aspects of matter? ‘
Answer:
Magnetic forces and electrostatic forces are examples of invisible forces. The atoms and molecules in a matter are so small that they are not visible to the naked eye. Similarly, heat energy is invisible. Similarly, sound is invisible to us. While the idea of seeing invisible things can be very exciting, their visibility would create too many problems. For example, if we are able to see all the sound around us, that would be too irritating for us.

Question 3.

What makes glass or water transparent (what is the scientific explanation for this)? Do you think it would be scientifically possible for a man to become invisible, or transparent? (Keep in mind that writers of science fiction have often turned out to be prophetic in their imagination)
Answer:
The fact that light can pass through glass or water makes them transparent. When light falls on an object, the reflected light from that object makes it visible to us. If some device can be made which can prevent reflection of light from the human body, the human body can be made invisible.

Summary & Question-answers of The Chapter:4-In the Kingdom of Fools with the concerned video

In The Kingdom of Fools Summary In English

The kingdom of fools
In the kingdom of fools the king and the minister were idiots. They ordered all things to be reversed. They decided to change night into day and day into night. They ordered people to do day’s work in night and sleep in the day. Anyone not obeying was to be punished with death. So people out of fear did ’ as they were asked to do. This delighted the king and the minister.

A guru and disciple see the city
Once a guru and his disciple arrived in the city. They found everyone asleep during the r day. No activity was observed. It amazed them. They wandered till evening. Then the people woke up. They started doing their nightly businesses. Now the two were hungry. They bought some food items. The price of everything was same, a single duddu. This surprised and delighted them. The guru realized that it was really a kingdom of fools.

Guru leaves the city but disciple remains behind

The guru decided to leave the city of fools. He asked his disciple also to leave the place. But the disciple didn’t want to do so for cheap food. The guru advised the disciple that nothing could be predicted of fools. But the disciple didn’t care. He remained behind. Time passed on. The disciple ate to his fill. As a result he became very fat.

A thief breaks into a rich merchant’s house

One day a thief broke into a rich merchant’s house. He was taking out the stolen things. Just then the wall of the old house fell on his head. He was killed instantly. The brother of the thief complained to the king about his death. He blamed the owner of the house for his brother’s death.

The owner is summoned

The king heard the accused. He accused him of killing the thief. But the owner said that he was innocent. He said that the person who built the wall was responsible. He didn’t make the good wall. The king decided to summon the bricklayer.

The king summons the bricklayer
The king asked the bricklayer if he had built the wall. He accused him of killing the thief. Before the king could order his death, the bricklayer pleaded innocence. He told the king that he could not concentrate while building the wall. A dancing girl moved in the street. So she was responsible for it.

The dancing girl is summoned

The king charged the dancing girl of killing the thief. The dancing girl said that the goldsmith was responsible for it. She had given some gold to him. He had to make some jewellery for her. He was lazy. He did not make the jewellery early. So she had to walk up and down the street. So it was the goldsmith’s fault.

The goldsmith and his plea
The king now ordered to summon the goldsmith. The goldsmith replied that there was a wedding in the rich man’s house. He had to make jewellery for him. So he could not finish the jewellery of the dancing girl in time.

The rich man is summoned before the king
The king declared the rich man to be the murderer. He was also the owner of that house. But he said that his father had ordered the jewellery. The king consulted his minister. He decided that the owner be punished in his father’s place. The king asked for a new stake to be made ready for the owner to die. But the owner was very thin. He could not be executed. The king was worried about it. Then he ordered to search a man who was fit for the stake. He should be executed.

The disciple is in trouble

The disciple was found fit for the stake. He was brought to the place of execution. The disciple now remembered his wise guru’s words. He prayed to his guru. The guru had magic powers to see the past and the future. He saw everything. He arrived at once to save his disciple. He told his disciple something in a low voice. The disciple understood this.

The guru’s trick to save his disciple
The guru and the disciple now started fighting. The guru wanted to die first. The king asked the guru why he wanted to die. The guru told the king in his ears that their city was unique. This was the stake of god of justice. The stake was new. It was never used earlier on crimirfals. Whoever died on it first, would be born a king. Whoever died next, would be born as a minister.

The king decides to die
The king thought over the whole case. He didn’t want to lose the kingdom even in his next birth also. So he talked to his minister. The king said that they would go on stake themselves. Thus they would be reborn as king and minister again. The king and minister went secretly to the prison. They released the guru and the disciple. They put themselves in their places. So they were taken to the stake guru and disciple become the king and the minister

The dead bodies of the king and the minister were taken down. The people mourned their deaths. They discussed the future of the kingdom. Suddenly some people thought of the guru and the disciple. They’ were secretly leaving the city. People saw them. They requested them to be their new king and the minister. But they put one condition. It was to change all the old laws. So they changed the laws.

Page No: 27 Think About It
1. What are the two strange things the guru and his disciple find in the Kingdom of Fools?

Ans: The two strange things that the guru and his disciple observe in the kingdom of fools are:
▸ Everyone sleeps during the day and carries out his work at night
▸ The cost to purchase anything from the market was the same, one duddu (one rupee).
Whether it was a measure of rice or a bunch of banana it cost the same.

---

2. Why does the disciple decide to stay in the Kingdom of Fools? Is it a good idea?

Ans: The disciple decided to stay in the Kingdom of Fools because he was delighted that everything cost a single duddu and everything was very cheap. All that he wanted was good and very cheap food. According to the Guru, staying there was not a good idea as they were all fools and so he felt this situation would not last long and was not sure about what they would do in the future.

3. Name all the people who are tried in the king’s court, and give the reasons for their trial.

Ans: Following people were tried in the king’s court:
▸ The merchant whose house was burgled: Because his house wall was weak and it fell upon the burgular and killed him
▸ The bricklayer who built the wall: Because he built a wall which was weak and which collapsed killing the burglar
▸ The dancing girl: Because she distracted the bricklayer with her jingling anklets by walking up and down the road where bricklayer was laying the wall
▸ The goldsmith: Because he didn’t complete the dancing girl’s order on time and so she had to go to the goldsmith a dozen times.
▸ The merchant whose house was burgled (second time): because his father persuaded the goldsmith to finish his order first thereby delaying the dancing girl’s order. Since the merchant’s father died, the merchant had to be executed in his father’s place
▸ The disciple: Because the merchant was too thin to be executed by the newly made stake and a fat man was required to fit the stake. The disciple was very fat, hence he was caught.

---

4. Who is the real culprit according to the king? Why does he escape punishment?

Ans: The real culprit according to the king is the merchant because although his old father was the real murderer he was dead and someone had to be punished in his place. He escapes the punishment because he is too thin to be properly executed on the stake.

5. What are the Guru’s words of wisdom? When does the disciple remember them?’

Ans: The guru’s words of wisdom were that it was the city of fools. He advised the disciple to leave the city because he would not know what they would do next. The disciple remembered this when he was going to be executed.

6. How does the guru mange to save his disciple’s life?

Ans: The guru tries to confuse the king by expressing his desire to be killed first. Then to further confuse the king he tells the story of becoming the king in the next incarnation. Apparently it may sound like a case of pure lie to save your dear one’s life. But if we go deeper consciously or unconsciously the sage is trying to save everybody’s life in the kingdom. Ultimately he is able to pull everybody out of the misery of living in the kingdom of fools.

Summary & Question-answers of The Chapter:3-The Desert with the concerned video

The Desert Summary in English

Many people hold the opinion that a desert is nothing more than an endless stretch of land. Furthermore, people have this impression of deserts that they are dry, thin, waterless, hot, and without shelter. So, people hold a negative opinion about deserts.

In contrast to general opinion, deserts are beautiful places on Earth. Furthermore, deserts are home to a variety of plants and animals. It is certainly a rare precious sight where desert bloom exists as rainfall takes place.

No difference exists between the desert and tropical land. Deserts are filled with hills or mountains but not necessarily a flat land.  An oasis is similar to a green island that one can find in the middle of the desert.

Deserts may consist of green plants and trees. Such plants and trees certainly provide comfort and shelter. Furthermore, deserts can also consist of springs.

A desert is a hot region but it also can be a cold region like Ladakh. Sand dimes are mounds comprising of a heap of sand that tend to move and shift endlessly at the time of strong winds.

Very few plants are able to survive on the shifting mounds of deserts. Living things that are desert-adapted are able to deal with the scarcity of water. Such animals are able to survive because they require less water for survival.

Camel is a desert animal that is known as the ship of the desert. This animal can survive without water for days. Camels drink plenty of water at one time.

Camels also sweat very little and can bear high body temperature. This is because; the bodies of camels are different from our bodies. We, unlike camels, have to sweat to keep our bodies cool and maintain the appropriate temperature.

Smaller desert animals hide in underground burrows. This allows them to escape the extreme desert temperature. Furthermore, these animals get water as per their requirement from plants and the moisture of meats.

Desert plants like cactus are able to store water, thanks to their thick stems. Such plants lack deep roots. Hence, they absorb rainwater because they are close to the surface.

Variation of temperature and dryness are distinct features of deserts. The moisture of the humid climate is missing in the desert.  Due to the lack of this blanket, desert lands heat up rapidly as well as cool off rapidly at night.

Desert is certainly a gift of nature to everyone. As such, its importance is the same as that of other gifts of nature like forest and ocean. Most noteworthy, one must not detest deserts but rather should consider them as a blessing of nature.

Comprehension Check (Page 16)

Question 1:
From the first paragraph
(i) pick out two phrases which describe the desert as most people believe it is;
(ii) Pick out two phrases which describe the desert as specialists see it.
Which do you think is an apt description, and why?
Answer:
(i) an endless stretch of sand; water less and without shelter.
(ii) a beautiful place; the home of a variety of people, animals and plants Description (ii) is apt. Human experience tells us so.

Comprehension Check (Page 19)

Question 1:
A camel can do without water for days together. What is the reason given in the text?
Answer:
The reason is that the camel sweats very little. It can therefore retain the water it drinks for a long period of time.

Question 2:
How do the smaller desert animals fulfill their need for water?
Answer:
The smaller desert animals spend the day in the underground burrows to escape the heat. Some of them eat other animals and get the water they need from the moisture in the meat. Others eat plants and get the water they need from plant juices.

Summary & Question-answers of The Chapter:3-The Selfish Giant with the concerned video

The Selfish Giant Summary

Story summary:

There was a lovely garden in a city. Kids used to play there after school time. There were numerous grass flowers and peach tree there. They used to cheer the kids and bird used to sing mesmerising songs. In the spring plants brought flowers while in winter they gave sweet fruits. The kids were happy like never before. But this happiness did not survive long.

The arrival of the selfish giant

The garden belonged to a selfish giant. The selfish giant was at his friend’s home for seven years, but now he had returned. He scolded the children playing in the garden and soon raised the wall.

Persistent with in the garden

Now the trees, grasses and birds were sad as there was no one to hang around their twigs and listen to the birds' song. Trees stopped blooming and fruiting while the birds stopped singing. Now the spring came in the whole country, but they did not enter the garden. 

As a result, there was still winter. Once a flower raised his head. He saw the notice board by the giant and retracted back.

 

Restless giant

Now the giant was restless. He did not understand the cause of such a long winter. The snow had covered the grasses with white sheet and frost had painted all the trees with silver colour. Frost and snow invited Northwind ( chilly winds from North). Winds from the North roared throughout the garden. North winds brought hail to the garden. Hail broke all the chimney and roof slates.

The arrival of spring in the garden

One day children made a hole in the wall and entered the garden. Now the spring came, birds started singing. The giant woke up. He had not heard songs for a long time. Bird’s chirping felt like king’s musician to him.The giant woke up and looked out. He saw children playing in the garden and trees welcoming the kids by lowering their twigs. The giant understood why spring came so late.

The small kid

He saw a kid in the garden alone, trying to climb the tree. Frost and snow were still there on that tree. The tree had already lowered its branches, but the kid was still too small to climb. The giant approached secretly from the behind and helped the kid to climb. The kid was happy, and he kissed the giant’s cheek. Other children were frightened by the giant and were running. But when they saw the giant helping the boy, they also become happy. The giant asked the kid to stay and broke the wall.

 

The Missing kid

 

Now onwards children played in the garden and thanked the giant. The giant asked about the small kid. Other kids were also not known about that little kid. They told that they also saw that kid for the first time. Days passed the giant was still missing him because he was the boy who kissed him on his cheeks.

The arrival of the mysterious kid

Years passed, and the giant grew old, but he never forgot the kid. He now did not fear the winter as he knew winter is just passing by. One day he saw the same small kid playing on the same tree. The giant became happy and ran toward him, shouting “where were you”. Once he reached  the kid, he saw big nail scratches on his hand and the feet. The giant was in a rage, asking how this happened. The child replied“these are wounds of love”. The boy was an angel. He had come to take the giant to the paradise. The child replied, “once you let me to garden, now I have come to take you to the paradise.”

Next day children came in the afternoon to play. They saw the giant lying dead, covered with white flowers near the tree.

Comprehension Check (Page 20)

Question 1:

Why is the Giant called selfish?

Answer:

The Giant is called selfish because he prohibited the children from playing in his garden. He built a high wall all around it and put up a notice-board in it stating that all trespassers will be prosecuted.

Question 2:

On one occasion the children said: “How happy we are here!”

Later they said: “How happy we were there!”

What are they referring to in both the cases?

Answer:

In the first case, the children expressed their happiness while playing in the Giant’s garden. They would go to play in the garden after returning from school and had a wonderful time playing around the garden.

In the second instance, the children were referring to the Giant’s garden where they would go and play after returning from school. They talked with one other how they would enjoy playing around the garden where trees bore beautiful flowers and fruits and birds sang sweet songs. However, after the Giant stopped them by building a high wall around the garden, they could no longer enter it.

The children were referring to the Giant’s beautiful garden in both the cases.

Question 3:

(i) When spring came, it was still winter in the garden. What does winter stand for or indicate here?

(ii) Winter has been presented like a story with its own characters and their activities. Describe the story in your own words.

Answer:

(i) When Spring came, it was still Winter in the garden. In the story, Winter denotes desolate and negative atmosphere where the trees and flowers never blossom. Winter is also used to indicate a gloomy and depressing environment which brings in sadness and laziness. In such cold weather, there is snow everywhere and cold winds blow all around where trees tend to droop and birds do not chirp. As the children were not playing in the Giant’s garden, Spring did not enter it. As a result, even the trees did not blossom and the birds did not sing sweet songs in the garden.

(ii) When Spring came all over the country, the trees started to blossom and the birds started to sing except the Giant’s garden, where winter had still prevailed. The birds did not sing and the trees forgot to blossom as the children did not come to play in the garden. One day, a beautiful flower blossomed from the grass but when it saw the notice-board, it felt sorry for the children and slipped back into the ground again. Seeing all this, Winter was pleased as there was Snow and Frost everywhere. Snow covered the entire garden with her huge white cloak and Frost painted all the trees in silver. They then invited the North Wind that was wrapped in furs and he blew strongly across the garden. Along with him, came Hail that rattled the roof of the castle for three hours every day until most of the slates were broken. He ran all around the garden as fast as he could. He was dressed in grey attire and his breath also felt like ice.

Question 4:

Was the Giant happy or sad over the state of the garden?

Answer:

The Giant was extremely saddened to see the condition of the garden. Neither Spring nor Summer or Autumn came to visit it. It was in a miserable state as Snow, Frost, North Wind and Hail did not seem to leave his garden. He often wondered why Spring was so late in arriving at his garden.

Question 5:

What effect did the linnet’s song have over Hail and the North Wind?

Answer:

Hearing the linnet sing, the Hail stopped dancing over his head and the North Wind stopped roaring. Soon, the Giant could hear a delicious perfume come to him through the open casement and he jumped out of his bed in excitement.

Comprehension Check (Page 24)

Question 1:

(i) The Giant saw a most wonderful sight. What did he see?

(ii) What did he realise on seeing it?

Answer:

(i) The Giant saw that the children had crept into his garden through a little hole in the wall and sat on the branches of the trees. As the children filled the garden, the trees were delighted to see them and they blossomed in full swing. The Giant was mesmerized seeing this wonderful sight as he saw the birds were also twittering around in joy and the flowers bloomed in happiness.

(ii) The Giant realised soon enough that Spring was late in visiting his garden because he did not allow the children to play in it. He realised that he had been very selfish in prohibiting the children from playing in his garden by building a high wall all around it.

Question 2:

Why was it still winter in one corner of the garden?

Answer:

As the children played in the garden, the Giant noticed that in one corner of it, there was a tree that was still covered with Snow and Frost. The North Wind blew strongly and was roaring over it. The Giant came closer and noticed a small boy was standing in front of it, who was so tiny that he could not climb the branches of the tree. As the tree remained untouched by the child, Winter still prevailed in that corner of the garden.

Question 3:

Describe the first meeting of the little boy and the Giant.

Answer:

The Giant met the little boy in front of the tree that was covered with Snow and Frost. Winter still prevailed in that corner of the garden. Seeing the little boy’s inability to reach the branches of the tree, the Giant gently took him in his arms and put him up on the tree. Soon the tree blossomed with joy and the birds came to sing on it. The little boy stretched his tiny arms around the Giant’s neck and kissed him gently to express his gratitude towards him.

Question 4:

Describe their second meeting after a long interval.

Answer:

One winter morning, the Giant looked out of the window as he knew that Spring was sleeping and the flowers were taking rest. He wondered if he would ever meet the little boy again whom he loved so dearly. Suddenly while rubbing his eyes, he noticed a wonderful sight. In the farthest corner of the garden, there was a tree that was covered with lovely white blossoms. Its branches were golden and silver fruit hung down from them. Just underneath the tree, there stood the little boy whom he had loved so dearly and was eagerly waiting for him. The Giant quickly ran down the stairs of his house in great joy and hastened towards the garden to reach out to the child. But when he noticed the nail imprints on the little boy’s hands and feet, he got angry and asked him who caused him such injury. He said that he would avenge and slay the person whoever caused the little one so much pain and injury. Hearing this, the child told the Giant that these were the wounds of love. The little boy further added that as the Giant was kind enough to allow him to play in his garden, he had come to take the Giant along with him to his garden in Paradise.

Question 5:

The Giant lay dead, all covered with white blossoms. What does this sentence indicate about the once

selfish Giant?

Answer:

“The Giant lay dead, all covered with white blossoms.” The sentence indicates that the Giant was blessed to live in Paradise after his death. As he was no longer selfish and cruel, he was covered with white blossoms in his garden. The white blossoms indicated that the Giant had a peaceful death.

Exercise (Page 24)

Discuss the following topics in groups.

Question 1:

The little child’s hands arid feet had marks of nails. Who does the child remind you of? Give a reason for

your answer.

Answer:

The marks of nails on the little child’s hands remind us of Jesus Christ. When the Giant met the child for the second time, he noticed the imprints of nails on the little boy’s palms and feet. This made the Giant angry and he cried out loudly asking who had done such harm to the little boy. If we remember the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, it reminds us that there were similar nail imprints on his palms and feet. He had sacrificed his life for the sake of humanity and he had also forgiven those who caused him such pain and dishonour. Similarly, the little boy in the story told the Giant that these marks were the wounds of love.

Question 2:

Is there something like this garden near where you live? Would you like one (without the Giant perhaps) and why? What would you do to keep it in good shape?

Answer:

Yes, there is a park near my house. The park has huge trees which bear beautiful flowers and fruits on it. There is a jogging track in the park where people come for morning strolls and evening brisk walks. There is a swing and a slide in the middle of the park where children of the neighbourhood come and play with each other. I love gardening and I have planted few saplings recently and water them whenever I go to the garden. I also try to ensure nobody tramps over the plants or grass unnecessarily.